![]() To date, only two studies have attempted to simultaneously determine how accurately adults estimate exercise energy expenditure and calories in food ( 12, 23). ![]() Furthermore, although knowledge of calories is reported to be important for weight management ( 10), whether or not calorie estimation ability is associated with better weight management has not been tested. However, no study has simultaneously examined the effect of body weight class and weight loss status on calorie estimation accuracy. Additionally, some studies have demonstrated that obesity is associated with poorer calorie estimation ( 4, 14). For example, while both dieters and non-dieters underestimated calories in a post-exercise meal ( 20), dieters have been reported to be more accurate at calorie estimation compared to non-dieters ( 5). Further, whether or not calorie estimation differs by weight class and weight loss status is not clear. Previous research has demonstrated that adults generally underestimate calories in meals ( 2, 9, 17, 23), and the few studies that have investigated how accurately adults estimate exercise energy expenditure have reported mixed findings ( 9, 12, 23). Therefore, to successfully manage body weight, it would be beneficial for an individual to be able to accurately estimate the number of calories expended through exercise and consumed in a meal ( 3). Weight loss occurs when energy intake is less than energy expenditure ( 6). Approximately 50% of adults in the United States are attempting to control their weight, with the most common methods including exercise and caloric restriction ( 22).
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